Caesar Coins

This coin says the Ides of March, which is when Caesar was assassinated.



This coin translates to Caesar, and it commemorates his many victories against Gaul.



This coin says Caesar ad commemorates his victory over Pompey at the battle of Pharsalus.

Verbs From 14

1. Respondit- 3rd person singular indicative active of "respondere" meaning "to respond"
2. Dari- 1st person infinitive passive of "dare" meaning "to hand over"
3. Commemorassent- 3rd person pluperfect subjunctive active plural of "commemorant" meaning "to recall"
4. Fuisset- 3rd person pluperfect subjunctive active singular of sum" meaning "to be"
5. Teneret- 3rd person imperfect subjunctive active singular of "teneo" meaning "to hold"
6. Ferre- 2nd person present imperative active of "fero" meaning "to bear"
7. Timeret- 3rd person imperfect subjunctive active singular of "timeo" meaning "to be afraid"
8. Intellergeret- 3rd person imperfect subjunctive active singular of "intellego" meaning "to know"
9. Putaret- 3rd person imperfect active singular of "puto" meaning "to think"
10. Vellet- 3rd person imperfect subjunctive active singular of "volo"meaning "to wish"
11. Vexassent- 3rd person pluperfect subjunctive active of "vexo" meaning "to shake"
12. Posse- present active of "possum" meaning "to be"
13. Pertinere- 2nd person present imperfect active of "pertineo" meaning "to reach"
14. Doleant- 3rd person present subjunctive of "doleo" meaning "to suffer"
15. Velint- 3rd person present subjunctive active of "to wish"
16. Concedere- 2nd person indicative passive of "concedo" meaning "to go away"
17. Sint- 3rd person present subjunctive active of "sum" meaning "to be"
18. Obsido- 2nd person future indicative active of "obsido" meaning "to invest"
19. Faciunt- 3rd person present indicative active of "facio" meaning "to make"
20. respondit- 3rd person indicative active of "respondo" meaning "to respond"
21. Accipere- 2nd person present imperative passive singular of "accipio" meaning "to take"
22. discesit- 3rd person perfect indicative active singular of "discedo" meaning "to go apart"
23. esse- present infinitive active of "sum" meaning "to be"

Our Grand Grand Grand Aunt???

Scientist have unveiled the fossilized remains of what is being called the missing link in Darwin's evolutionary theory. What is now on display in New York's Museum of Natural History is called the Darwinius Masillae and is over 47 million years old. This discovery is equivalent to the Holy Grail.

http://www.nydailynews.com/news/us_world/2009/05/19/2009-05-19_missing_link_found_fossil_of_47_millionyearold_primate_sheds_light_on_.html

Caesar Book One Summary

Gaul is divided into three parts, all of which have different languages and customs. The Belgae are the strongest and the Helvetii, who are nearest the Belgae, are far more stronger than the rest of the Gauls. Orgetorix is the strongest of the Helvetii, and he wanted to move his people since they were confined to a very small space. He persuades the people to gather up as much supplies and transportation as possible over the next two years so that they may be able to depart on the third year. He then makes an alliance with the other two most powerful Gallic warlords, Dumnorix and Adumnin, to go with him so that they might have the power to take over the whole of Gaul.Orgetorix pleaded his cause, as was custom, to a court of ten thousand, but later died from suicide. The Helvetii still went on with Orgetorix plan, wanted to go through Province but were not allowed. Caesar had a legion with him and blocked their way. The Helvetii then decided they would cross through the Sequani River so Caesar moved to intercept them. Caesar killed all the Helvetii people that got in his way. The Helvetii moved across the Saone, and Caesar pursued them building a bridge to get across it.

What took place next was a huge battle which Caesar won. The Helvetii once again fled to the base of a mountain where he sent two legions to crush them. Before he sent the rest of his legions, though, he passed out the corn rations from the Adeui. On the final attack on the mountain Cesar himself joined the battle. Caesar ultimately won and the Helvetii soon sent an ambassador to ask for surrender. Caesar said that he would accept it if they returned to their territory, and they accepted. (Paragraph 31 is longer than the Bible) Some didn't totally accept though, Ariovistus, and they were ultimately crushed. Tribes continually continued to revolt and Caesar crushed each and every rebellion...

Ablative

1. Proelio- battle (ablative of manner)
2. Facto- make (ablative of manner)
3. Diebus- day (ablative of time)
4. Uno- one (ablative of accompaniment)
5. Dies- day (ablative of time)
6. Bello- war (ablative of manner)
7. Caesar- Caesar (ablative of personal agent)
8. Helvetii- Helvetii (ablative of agent)
9. Bello- war(ablative of manner)
10. Improviso- improvise (ablative of manner)
11. Suis- of oneself (ablative of personal agent)
12. Se- without (ablative of absolute)
13. Patribus- fatherland (ablative of place)
14. Maiorbus- great (ablative of accompaniment)
15. Suis- of oneself (absolute of personal agent)
16. Magis- magic (ablative of instrument
17. Virtute- manliness (ablative of manner)
18. Insidiae- plot (ablative of instrument)
19. Calamitate- loss (ablative of circumstances)
20. Internecione- massacre (ablative of circumstances)

Those Plad Wearin' Gauls

Twitta' In The Classroom

Twitter has some very good uses in the classroom. It allows us to constantly connect to each other like a giant classroom, but without the loud and constant noise. It also allows instant access to be able to help each other as well. The only problem is that it has a mind of its own. If it was a human being it would be bi-polar. Other than that it is great.

Rome In Paris

France was once a large ranging territory made up of many different clans and tribes known as Gaul. One of these territories known as Lutetia was eventually sacked and rebuilt by the Romans, eventually becoming known as the city of Paris. Paris still contains some of its Roman history; these include the ruins of Arenesde Lutece, a second century arena that sat 15,000 people and ramparts under the square of the Notre Dame Cathedral. The best part of all though are the exhibits at the Louvre. There are the following there: agricultural and carpentry tools, cooking pots and utensils, gold jewelry, sewing needles, surgical instruments, hunting lances, coins, musical instruments and playing dice. For a woman’s toilette, hand mirrors, perfume bottles, tweezers, a scraper to wipe off sweat, and an applicator for face powder in the shape of a human finger.

Cologne's Search For Lost History

Cologne recently lost a building where hundreds of different historical archives were located. The building collapse is thought to be due to the building of a tunnel underneath the building. Some of the archives included a 16th century Burgher who had recorded the medications he was on during his marriage, and minutes of recorded material taken from city counsel since 1396. All 65,000 original documents, and 100,000 maps were lost.

Test: Caesar 10-11

Caesar says again that the Helvetii had the spirit to march through the land of the Sequanorum and Haeduorum into the borders of the Santonum, which are not far away from the border of the Tolosatium, which is a civilization in Province. If this was done, he would see a great perilous future for Province by the warlike men, unfriendly to the Roman people, having been bordering a place that lie in a spot so plenty of grain.In that place the Ceutrones and Graeocili and Caturigus occupied the higher ground and held back and endeavor to undertaken by the army. Many of his men were beaten in the battle by the Ocelo, who were moved from the outermost of the province, were moved to the border of the province on the seventh day on which they arrived; From that place in border Allobrogum, from Allobrogum the army was led into Segusiavos. They live on the border of the first crossing of the Rodanum.

The Helvetii were by now through the straight and boundary of the Sequanis and arrived out the border of the Haedorum and ravaged the land. The Haeduorum, with not being able to defend themselves, sent a dispatch to request aide from Caesar: And so they said they were deserving of the Romans and should see an army sent to our land to be deprived of the people, freeing [them] in removing slavery, purging them and not holding back. At the same time the Haeduorum Ambarii, necessary and conscious of the Haedorum, Caesar was determined to plunder the town's land himself though it was not easy to hold back the enemy. Likewise the Allobroges, who had taken position of a a quarter of land across the Rhodanum,

Twitter in Space

Mike Massimo has been continuously Tweeting about the space shuttle launch that took place today. He says that he will try his best to continue Tweeting in space, but cannot make any guarantees since he does not have access to a smart phone. Massimo will have to do it via Mission Control e-mail.

Woman Returns Roman Artifact

After 25 years, a North Carolina woman has returned a Roman artifact that her husband pocketed on their vacation. The terra cotta fragment, which sat on the shelf with her many other travel souvenirs, was originally through to be found near the Coliseum is now thought to be not evn near that location. She was promptd to send it in after her son's death and another article that she had read on tourists destoying history by pocketing small artifacts.

Military Terms

The person I interviewed was Mr. Ireton:

1. What is a legion in modern military terms?
A legion is a battalion, and can be broken down into a squad which would be like a Roman ducuriae. The legion in Roman times was basically a small army which included men, cavalry, and artillery whereas now they are divided into different branches of service. A Roman legion included 5,000 men whereas a battalion includes 500-1500 men.

2. What is artillery in modern day military terms?
It is usually self propelled machines such as mortars, anti-aircraft batteries, howitzers, and rocket artillery. The Romans would have had scorpions, archers, and catapults available to them.

3. What is modern day infantry called and like?
They are called foot soldiers or ground-pounders. They are armed with a gun, wear camouflage, wear Kevlar armor, boots, and other gear such as a helmet, water and other stuff such as water and camp out gear. The Roman infantry were called Auxiliaries and wore a breast plate, greaves, a gladius, sandals, maybe some chain mail, a helmet, a shield, and some Hasta.

4. What is cavalry in modern day military terms?
They would be things such as tanks (the M1 Abrams), Bradley support vehicles, Humvees, and other support vehicles. In the Roman military they would have numbered about 300 per legion, and would have actually been men on horseback. They would have also been like the shock troops and would have been able to brake up a unit of the enemy.

5. What are formations in modern day military terms?
There are many formations for marching in parade form but there are also squad forms such as diamond formation or other assault or defensive formations. In Roman times some formations were manipuli (double companies, centuriae (which were made up of two centuries and fought in the quincunx-fashion), cohortes (which were batallions of three maniples), and the tortoise shell which provided cover from missile attack.

6. What are officers in the modern day military like?
They are the ones who gave out the orders and stay mostly in the back so they they do not have a chance of being killed. They give their orders down to the sergeants and sometimes captains to carry out the orders. The Roman Imperator was one of the main officers in the Roman legion and and his general staff. They would usually hang behind the main army during combat, but on the rare occasion would join in the combat usually to fight for their life. There were smaller commanders as well called Centurions that were in charge of 80 men. The Legate was in charge of a legion.

7. What is the modern day chain of command?
I goes as follows from lowest to highest: squad(9-10), platoon(16-44), company(62-190), battalion(300-1,000), brigade(3,000-5,000), division(10,000-15,000), corps(20,000-45,000), army(50,000+). The Roman chain of command goes as follows from lowest to highest: Contubernium(8), centuria(made up of 10 contubernium, 80 men commanded by a centurion), cohort (six centuriae, 480 men), legio(consisted of 10 cohorts, 5,000 men), Eques Legiones(120 cavalry).

8. What is the modern day special force unit for your branch?
The Green Berets are sent ahead before major operations and are also sent instead of the army in a conflict that can be solved by a small force. They are made up of 4500 men and deal with reconnaissance and direct action. The Roman special forces would have included engineers which repaired armor, build bridges, repair weapons, etc. The evocati were volunteers who would do extra tasks and would be ranked above the rest of the legionaries and would ride on horseback during marches.

Chapter 5

Note: This was the one that was having posting problems. Had to create new post.
After his death the Helvetii did nevertheless what they had decidedon, to go away from their territories. When they thought they were prepared for this engagement, they set fire to all their towns, the number was twelve, four hundred villages, and the homes that remaine. They burnt up the corn, except what they carried with them. After that destroying the hope of returning home, they were more ready for passage of all dangers. They ordered every one to carry away from home provisions for three months for himself. They persuaded their neighbors the Rauraci, and the Tulingi, and the Latobrigi, to go on the plan. After burning down their towns and villages, to set out with them. And they bring together themselves as confederates the Boii, who had lived across the Rhine River, and crossed over into assaulting Norican territory.

1. erat 3rd person sing imperfect indicative active of "esse"meaning "to be"
2. Persuadent- 3rd person plural Indicative pluperfect of "pursua" meaning "to persuade"
3. essent: 3rd person singular indicative pluperfect of "esse" meaning "to be"
4. exeant: 3rd person plural present subjunctive active of "exio" meaning "to go out"
5. facio: 2nd person singular present indicativeactive of "facere" meaning "to make"

1. The Helvetian War- In 58 B.C. the Helvetii got up out of their province and attempted to cross all 360,000 of themselves across the heart of Gaul and into Spain.
2. ut...exeant- in application with id means to go forth
3. ea res- towns, fortified or capable of defense
4. uti- the older form of ut which is common throughout Caesar's writings
5. ad- cf.1.8 above

Esse Injunctions

Present Indicative
sum
es
est
sumus
estis
sunt
Future Indicative
erim
eris
erit
erimus
eritus
erunt
Imperfect Indicative
eram
eras
erat
eramus
eritis
erint
Perfect Indicative
fui
fuisti
fuit
fuimis
fuistis
fuerunt
Pluperfect Indicative

Future Perfect Indicative
fuero
fueris
etc.

Gladiator Choice

If i were to choose what gladiator I wanted to be, it would be a Retarius. This is because they were the fastest gladiators on the field, and had to have great agility and endurance. Because I am pretty fast and have some agility, this would probably would be the best choice for me. I would be armed with a trident, net, shoulder guard, and greaves. I would have to be quick enough to dodge the blows and then catch the enemy with my net to bring him down and then kill him with my trident.

Gladiator Movie

Asterix & Obelix

These cartoon comic strip characters were created in France by artists Goscinny and Uderzo. They had previous success with their comic strip called Oumpah-pah. Since the first published comic in 1959, they have become a sensation worldwide. Asterix and Obelix are Gauls who are going against Caesar's legions. Asterix is in charge of defending his village because he is the most cunning of all the people, and Obelix is the strongest and invincible. The books are printed in the following languages:French,Estonian, English, Dutch, German, Danish, Icelandic, Norwegian, Swedish, Finnish, Spanish, Catalan, Basque, Portuguese (and Brazilian Portuguese), Italian, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, modern Greek, Turkish, Slovenian, Bulgarian, Serbian and Croatian. Beyond modern Europe, Esperanto, Indonesian, Mandarin, Korean, Japanese, Bengali, Afrikaans, Arabic, Hindi, Hebrew, Frisian, Latin and Ancient Greek. They have also been featured in various movies and shows such as the Simpsons.

Rome Theme Park

Cinecitta Entertainment and Italy are pairing up to create a theme park that would be able to go up against that of Paris' new Euro Disney theme park. The park would go in the 650 acre area which Cinecitta already owns, and would include a replica of the Coliseum and would be historically accurate with its exhibits of life starting from life during the end of the Republic to the end of the Empire. The movie 'Gladiator' has donated much interest in tourism to Rome, and this will hopefully spike attraction even more as tourism was down about 5% last year. They are shooting for a completion date of 2013.

http://www.variety.com/article/VR1118001397.html?categoryId=18&cs=1

Alexander Revival

In Macedonia a revival of pride in its national heritage a couple of days before its nations election. The nation has taken an especial pride in Alexander the Great, as it was the leader who gave them a world empire. This has caused a ruckus in Greece as they view Alexander as the Tyrant who took over their country at one time, but also as the man who spread Hellenistic culture all over the world. Some time ago the nation of Macedonia named an airport after the great general and leader, and as a result Greece became very upset. Now, though, Macedonia has named a state highway after him and Greece has become even more upset. The outcome of Macedonia and Greece's relations will determine wheter or not Macedonia will be accepted into the European Union.

http://www.csmonitor.com/2009/0321/p01s01-wogn.html

New Marble Sculpture

A new marble sculpture has been recovered in the town of Herculaneum and dates back to the first century AD. The statue will be sent to Naples to join an already amassed collection of items from the destroyed remains of towns by Mount Vesuvius. The marble statue depicts that of Dionysus, the Greek counterpart of the god of wine. along with Dionysus, one of his female followers,a Minead, appears to be following him. There are also two other figures following him, a man and a woman, but there identities are yet to be discovered.

http://www.hindustantimes.com/StoryPage/StoryPage.aspx?sectionName=HomePage&id=64ce7b96-f81c-4e24-91a5-e5fdd2dad9fd&Headline=New+archaeological+find+explores+life+in+ancient+Roman+town

Catch of the Year

A Greek fisherman received a lovely surprise on March 16, as he received a little more than the average fish in his net. Instead the man was given a 2200 year old statue which has a man on his horse, holding up his arm. In his arm was thought to once be a sword, which is gone. The sculpture is now being held and being cleaned of sea life by specialists.

http://www.artinfo.com/news/story/30922/greek-fisherman-catches-ancient-art-in-his-nets/

New Roman Joke Book Found

A new comedy book called Philogelos, or The Laughter Lover, breaks the old door down of the thought that Romans didn't make fun of themselves or have much time for comedy. This book, written in Greek, includes jokes that are very similar to the type that such comedians as Monty Python would perform. It is written in 300-400AD and there are over260 jokes. Here is one of the jokes: A man buy a slave, who dies shortly afterward. When he complains to the seller, he is told: "He didn't die when I owned him."

http://www.guardian.co.uk/books/2009/mar/13/roman-joke-book-beard

Res Gestae

I rebuilt the Capitol and Pompey's theatre at much cost, without an inscription of my name. I rebuilt the old aqueducts, and sent a new spring in the water way which doubled the Marcian's size. I finished the Forum of Julius and the Basilica which he built in between the Temple of Castoris and the Temple of Saturn, which had begun under my father, and when the Basilica was consumed by fire, I brought about construction by myself, and put a place card on it under the names of my sons, and if it is not finished when I am alive, my heirs should complete it. For the sixth Consul, I rebuilt the two god's temples in the city with the authority of the Senate, missing nothing which was to be rebuilt at that time. For the seventh Consul, the Flaminium road was rebuilt from the city to Arminium an the bridges except the Minucian and the Mulvian.

Script

Tyler: Hello all you cool cats out there and welcome to Love With Latin with your host DJ Frigus, where we take up a little bit of your time from 2-4 am every other Tuesday. Good thing this isn’t my only job. Today we’re going to call Mr. Publius Ovidius Naso. (Iread his bio). Lets call this cool cat right now.

…….. ………..

Dan: Salve?

Tyler: Yo, Ovid what’s goin on. Why don’t you tell us what your up to?


Dan: Well I’m not really sure because I’m dead, but I’m still talking to you, would you like to fill me in on this ???

Tyler: Mhm, well let’s move on to reading your first book and then its translation, and you can tell us how it came to you…(Read the stuff) Can you give us any insight?

Dan: It just came to me.

Tyler: Well how bout that, why don’t you read us your third part of the first book.

Dan: I guess so, I mean you’re the one who apparently brought me back to life here. (Reads the latin then English)

Tyler: Why don’t we take a caller in here to take some questions. Here’s line one.

Caller (ben pretending to be a girl [sorry ben]): Hello…

Tyler: Hey your on the air

Caller: Hello (Louder)

Tyler: Yea we’re here, patricia

Caller: O yes yes. Hi, o I love your poetry ovid its soooo romantic. I just want to ask you where you got your inspiration from.

Dan: It just came to me.

Caller: OOOOO your sooo romantic.

Tyler Bye Patricia

Caller: Bu bye ovid I love you soooo much I love your poetry (will get cut off)

Tyler: Heres our second caller Jermaine on line two.

Caller: Wats up ovid wanted ask you, was you a playa wit da ladies??

Dan: Well I guess you could call me

Tyler: Alright we’re done now, bye Jermaine.

Caller: Hey man I was just trying to get some information from him (will get cut off)

Tyler: That’s enough of callers for one day. We’re gonna end by reading your last poem and you reading off the translation and meaning.

Dan: k

Tyler: (Reads)

Dan: (Reads)

Tyler: Thanks for tuning in to Love With Latin, and thank you Ovid. We’ll see you, my miniscule audience, in two weeks.

Ovid: Amores 1

I was about to prepare to carry out a violent war with a great number of weapons,
In a measure to set the matter.
Equal to a verse of a lesser – Cupid laughed
They say and yet one foot creeps together.
Who are you, boy, to have command against this song?
You are a master of devotion, we are not in your mob.
What, if the Venus flamed Mercury’s golden weapons,
While Minerva fanned the flames?
Who decided to have Ceceres to rule in the mountainous woods,
The virgins cultivate and quiver to collect?
Whose quivered point pierces and adorns her long hair,
Have you provided arousal with your lyre?
You are great, boy, your kingdom holds power;
Wherefore your work is done, to your extent, new?
Or, whereas now, you are right? Are yours Heliconias measures?
Is Phoebus’ lyre now barely even his at all?
When the first new good verse arises,
It has weakened my strength;
And no material fitting for the matter,
Either the boy or the girl with long hair.
You were lamenting, while he immediately got that from his quiver
He inserted an arrow of proper destruction in me,
He strongly bent the crescent shaped bow,
‘That’ who ‘The channel, accept this for his work’!
I am Miserable! The boy holds these shafts.
I am, and in the kingdom I am devoid of love.
Six of my works have risen up, in five;
Farewell to this war with measures!
Ashes from the flame are temporary,
Muse, by whence the foot is taken away!




Arma gravi numero violentaque bella parabam
edere, materia conveniente modis.
par erat inferior versus—risisse Cupido
dicitur atque unum surripuisse pedem.
'Quis tibi, saeve puer, dedit hoc in carmina iuris? 5
Pieridum vates, non tua turba sumus.
quid, si praeripiat flavae Venus arma Minervae,
ventilet accensas flava Minerva faces?
quis probet in silvis Cererem regnare iugosis,
lege pharetratae Virginis arva coli? 10
crinibus insignem quis acuta cuspide Phoebum
instruat, Aoniam Marte movente lyram?
sunt tibi magna, puer, nimiumque potentia regna;
cur opus adfectas, ambitiose, novum?
an, quod ubique, tuum est? tua sunt Heliconia tempe? 15
vix etiam Phoebo iam lyra tuta sua est?
cum bene surrexit versu nova pagina primo,
attenuat nervos proximus ille meos;
nec mihi materia est numeris levioribus apta,
aut puer aut longas compta puella comas.' 20
Questus eram, pharetra cum protinus ille soluta
legit in exitium spicula facta meum,
lunavitque genu sinuosum fortiter arcum,
'quod' que 'canas, vates, accipe' dixit 'opus!'
Me miserum! certas habuit puer ille sagittas. 25
uror, et in vacuo pectore regnat Amor.
Sex mihi surgat opus numeris, in quinque residat:
ferrea cum vestris bella valete modis!
cingere litorea flaventia tempora myrto,
Musa, per undenos emodulanda pedes! 30

In Verrem

What was to be above all things, judges, and which alone was your fame of the senatorial class and judgment must settle very quickly, up to what is not human counsel but by the intervention of the gods and you must be dealt with in this important time of the republic. An outlook has been agreed on, and the destruction to all of us and the destruction of the republic that was the talk of every common person, not only to the Roman people, but in foreign nations they also talk: His judgment, which is happening now, no wealthy man, however injurious he is, can be able to convict him. Now, upon this time to submit our separate judgment, when we are prepared to attempt by force, and by new legislature, to increase the unpopularity of the Senate, [Caius Verres] is brought here as a condemned man according to everyone's opinion because of his life's actions, but is innocent because of his great wealth and by himself. In this case of law, judges, when the highest expectations are expected of you from the Roman people, approach this actor, not only to increase censure, but to disgrace the people

LoL

The Sword of Damocles

Test Chapter 33

Para- 2nd person indicative active present form of "paro" meaning "to prepare for"
Sunt- 3rd person plural present indicative of "esse" meaning "to be"
Est- 3rd person singular indicative of "esse" meaning "to be  "
Esset- 3rd person plural indacative imperfect of "esse" meaning "to be" (appears 2 times)
Posse- 2nd person singular present imperative infinitive of "esse" meaning "to be"
Putabis- 2nd person singular indicative active future of "puto" meaning "to think"
Ages- 2nd person singular indicative active future of "ago" meaning "to do"
Eris- 2nd person singular indicative future of "esse" meaning "to be"
Essem- 1st person singular indicative imperfect of "esse" meaning "to be"
Ferrem- 1st person singular subjunctive active present of "ferre" meaning "to bear"
Dicis- 2nd person singular indicative active present of "dico" meaning "to say"
Malle- 2nd person singular of "malo" meaning "to prefer"
Agat- 3rd person plural indicative active present of "ago" meaning "to drive"
Recuses- 2ndperson singular indicative active present of "recuso" meaning "to refuse"
Erres- 2nd person singular indicative active present of "erro" meaning "to make"
Ferrem- 2nd person singular subjunctive active present of "fero" meaning "to bear" (used 2 times)
Erres- 2nd person singular indicative active present of "erro" meaning "to make"
Scias- 2nd person singular indicative active present of "scio" meaning "to know"
Nescias- 2nd person singular indicative active present of "nescio" meaning "to not know"
Dices- 2nd person singular subjunctive active present of "dico" meaning "to say"
Speculo- 1st person singular indicative active present of "speculo" meaning "to look"
Habet- 3rd person plural subjunctive active present of "habeo" meaning "to hold"
Facit-3rd person plural indicative active present of "faceo" meaning "to make"

You will always be poor, if you are poor, Aemilianus: no wealth is given now except to the rich.

The Rest of the Sententiae

5. Although the state ought to be immortal, the safety of this not being destroyed
depends on the life of one man.
6. Although that new slave is a human being, he does doubt to arrest him.
7. That he was siezed,although he shamelessly was the first one to respond, yet at last he rejected nothing.
8. They say Milo came through the stadium bearing an ox on his shoulder.
12. For this reason we all take up subjection to pick out, so that we are able to be free.

Sententiae #11

Sententiae #4

Sententiae #10

Senentiae #3

Sententiae #9

Bonus Vocab

1. emo-
2. dum
3. duo
4. durus
5. edo
6. effero
7. efficio
8. egregius

Cicero

Cicero's writing style became popular in the Medieval Ages as they used his rhetorics in their writing almost as constantly as he did. His writings were one of te few Latin writings to survive into the Middle Ages, and therefore became very popular among the people and scholars of the time. His writings were easy to get a hold of at the time, and therefore were present in almost every king and scholar's library. ONne person who it affected inparticular was St. Augustine of Hippo. This man lived in Carthage for a while in 374 A.D. and taught at a school, until he moved to Italy a year later. There he started to teach rhetoric, the language tool patented by Cicero, and start a church in Milan using the Latin rhetoric as his main course of preachin in the Catholic religion.The Catholic Church quickly picked up on this, and made it their own. BOethius is also another man who wrote a book named "The Consolation of Philosophy" which also uses the Ciceroneon rhetoric.

Sicily: Bronze to Roman

• 1000 B.C.- The Phoenecian traders from the Middle East established trading settlements along the north-western coast.
• 735 B.C.-Chaldians of Euboa establishes the first Greek city on the island of Sicily called Naxos.
• 485 B.C.- Geleon, the tyrant of Gela, centralizes the control of Syracuse in the city of Syracuse.
• 480 B.C.- Syracuse defeats Carthage at the battle of Himera.
• 413 B.C.- Syracuse absolutely destroys the Athenian Naval attack force.
• 409-309 B.C.- Carthage and Siculi create a series of indecisive wars with Syracuse.
• 282 B.C.- Italy begins their invasion of Sicily when former mercenaries from Italy take Messina.
• 264-241 B.C.- Rome and Carthage battle in the First Punic War.
• 263 B.C.- Syracuse allies with Rome as a vassal state, giving up all freedom.

Chapter 31 Vocab Test

1. as, assis-an as
2. digitus-toe
3. elephantus- elephant
4. rumor-rumor
5. vinum- wine
6. cum-when
7. doleo-to grieve
8. fero-to bear
9. confero-to confer
10. occido- to fall down

Mr. Wojo

My Blog has been really weird concerning my test. I was going to talk to you about it today in class, on whether or not i should just post it in another blog post.

It just posted after i posted it on the fourth try today...I'm very sorry for the inconvenience, blogger has always worked except for this piece.

Modern Marvels

This is yet another history channel show in which the Roman architecture from the past relates to today's structures. Such buildings as M&T Bank Stadium in Baltimore come from the original designs of the Colosseum in ancient Rome. Without ancient Rome's architecture, we would not have many of the buildings we have today. To see the videos watch the following clip on the provided link http://www.history.com/minisite.do?content_type=Minisite_Generic&content_type_id=57080&display_order=2&mini_id=1335.

The Origin of Valentines Day

Valentines Day, which is celebrated on Feb. 14, is celebrated as a day of sharing love. It is most widely remembered in honor of Saint Valentine who is said to be a Christian martyr who gave his life for believing in Christianity. His teaching of love is what he is remembered for though. There is another theory that he infact had a mistress who wouldn't marry hime so he cut out his heart and set it it her.

http://www.littlechicagoreview.com/pages/full_story?page_label=home&widget=full_story&content_instance_id=1968858&open=&

Decisive Battles

This show was around a couple yeas ago, but got cancelled within a year of its start. It uses computer graphics from a game called Rome: Total War to recreate battles such as Adrianople or Marathon without having to pay the cost of having to pay the actors. The show is historically accurate along with the units. To check out the shows you can go to http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-9177658906284274201&hl=en.

History Channel Show: Cities of the Underworld

This show has been around for a while, but is really great. Though the host Don Wilderman may not be Michael Wood he still leads the audience on a great tour of the underground part of cities. In one of his episodes, he went to a city about seventy miles away from Pompeii and went the the underground part of the arena there. Not only did he do this, but he went to a recently discovered underground brothel where the gladiators would often stay the night be fore the big fight. To watch full episodes you can go to http://www.history.com/cities-of-the-underworld.

Cat's In Rome

Swarms of cats have began to take over the heart of the ancient city of Rome's ruins. They have taken residence in the coliseum, the pantheon, the marble foot of Constantine, and almost all of the Roman temples. Since this phenomenon has sprung up, postcards and pictures of the cats in their new habitats have become very popular. Some think that the cats may have originated from when the worship of the Egyptian cat goddess Bebet, and the practice became very popular in Rome. Cats were finally banned in Rome, xbut it is believed that the cats of today are descendents.

http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/AroundTheWorld/story?id=6924425&page=1

Latin Subordination Test

Quod erat optandum maxime, iudices, et quod unum ad invidiam vestri ordinis infamiamque iudiciorum sedandam maxime pertinebat, id non humano consilio, sed prope divinitus datum atque oblatum vobis summo rei publicae tempore videtur. Inveteravit enim iam opinio perniciosa rei publicae, vobisque periculosa, quae non modo apud populum Romanum, sed etiam apud exteras nationes, omnium sermone percrebruit: his iudiciis quae nunc sunt, pecuniosum hominem, quamvis sit nocens, neminem posse damnari. Nunc, in ipso discrimine ordinis iudiciorumque vestrorum, cum sint parati qui contionibus et legibus hanc invidiam senatus inflammare conentur, [reus] in iudicium adductus est [C. Verres], homo vita atque factis omnium iam opinione damnatus, pecuniae magnitudine sua spe et praedicatione absolutus. Huic ego causae, iudices, cum summa voluntate et expectatione populi Romani, actor accessi, non ut augerem invidiam ordinis, sed ut infamiae communi succurrerem. Adduxi enim hominem in quo reconciliare existimationem iudiciorum amissam, redire in gratiam cum populo Romano, satis facere exteris nationibus, possetis; depeculatorem aerari, vexatorem Asiae atque Pamphyliae, praedonem iuris urbani, labem atque perniciem provinciae Siciliae. De quo si vos vere ac religiose iudicaveritis, auctoritas ea, quae in vobis remanere debet, haerebit; sin istius ingentes divitiae iudiciorum religionem veritatemque perfregerint, ego hoc tam adsequar, ut iudicium potius rei publicae, quam aut reus iudicibus, aut accusator reo, defuisse videatur.







Parse Part:



1. erat 3rd person sing imperfect indicative active of "esse"meaning "to be"

2. pertinebat: 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active of "pertinere" meaning to pertain

3. videtur: 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active of "esse" meaning "to be"

4. sunt: 3rd person plural present indicative active of "esse" meaning "to be"

5. sit: 3rd person singular present subjunctive active of "esse" meaning "to be"

6. sint: 3rd person plural present subjunctive active of "esse" meaning "to be"

7. debet: 3rd person singular indicative active of "debere" meaning "to owe"

8. conentur: 3rd person plural present indicative passive of "conere" meaning "to attempt"

9. percrebruit: 3rd person singular perfect active of "percrescere" meaning "to spread out"

10.videatur: 3rd person sing present subjunctive passive of "videre" meaning "to seem"

Subordinate Part:

1. Quod erat optandum maxime quod unum ad invidiam vestri ordinis infamiamque iudiciorum sedandam maxime
2. De quo si vos vere ac religiose iudicaveritis, auctoritas ea in vobis remanere debet
3. Nunc, in ipso discrimine ordinis iudiciorumque vestrorum
4. Huic ego causae, summa voluntate et expectatione populi Romani
5. Adduxi enim hominem in quo reconciliare existimationem iudiciorum amissam satis facere exteris nationibus



Paralelism Part:



1. De quo si vos vere ac religiose iudicaveritis, auctoritas ea, quae in vobis remanere debet, haerebit;

2. Quod erat optandum maxime, iudices, et quod unum ad invidiam vestri ordinis infamiamque iudiciorum sedandam maxime pertinebat,

3. his iudiciis quae nunc sunt, pecuniosum hominem, quamvis sit nocens, neminem posse damnari.

4. quam aut reus iudicibus, aut accusator reo, defuisse videatur.

5. Adduxi enim hominem in quo reconciliare existimationem iudiciorum amissam, redire in gratiam cum populo Romano, satis facere exteris nationibus, possetis;

Script

VADER’S APOLOGY
Script
ACT 1
Tyler: Charged you are, of Luke’s corruption and believing not in the side of the light. Here shall you be tried in front of a court of Jedi, of your brethren of the past. Come up to will be the witnesses who brought charges you against. Say what you of this?
Brett: I have done none of what you speak. These accusations are false. So perhaps I did try to take over the galaxy and use the Death Star to blow up a few of your planets, but this is not what I am accused of. I know nothing.
Tyler: Not speak of this matter shall you. Continue on the matter at hand should you.
Brett: My work was done because of what I was told by emperor Palpatine.
Tyler: And a great and deceitful traitor he was.
Brett: One that you once respected as much as I did.
Tyler: Then very well, on you should carry.
Brett: (GETTING ANNOYED) Yes. Well as I was saying, the great emperor Palapatine, who was respected by us all at one time, told me that I could be the most powerful and greatest man besides him if I followed him in his ways. He also told me that I could save my wife and children if I did. So, as any man would do I took up the offer to help the future. And this is what you accuse me of? I was only trying to help the future’s fate by teaching my son the way of life…
Tyler: The way of the side of the dark you mean?!?!
Brett: The exact opposite, I was trying to teach them the way of the great emperor Palpatine. The way that you followed, as you elected him your prime minister to lead you in his same ways. As I said before I know nothing.
Tyler: Well if it is nothing then you know, here why are you?
Brett: (RISING ANGER) That is what I have been trying to ask you. Maybe it is because you are jealous of my power, and you hate me for it. Maybe, this whole thing is a sham and it is you who should be on trial for not wanting the people to know the truth.
Tyler: Hold your tongue you must. Perhaps then it is time to forth bring the witness first.



ACT 2
Dan: The setting is now very intense as the young Jedi, Luke Skywalker, is called to the stand. Luke, being the son of Darth Vader, has a very close relationship with the accused. He is though, the main person who accused Darth Vader of corrupting him and others because he believes in the way of the republic and Jedi more. What follows is not really a questioning of the witness process, but more of making a joke of the process.
Tyler: Call I do to the stand the son of Vader, young Luke Skywalker.
Tim: (WALKS UP, TAKES A QUICK SCARED LOOK AT VADER, AND BOWS TO YODA) Yes master.
Tyler: Sit you must young Padiwan, sit.
Tim: Yes master. (BOWS AGAIN AND SITS DOWN IN THE PREASSIGNED CHAIR)
Tyler: Cross-examination you may now begin Lord Vader. (POINTS TO LUKE)
Brett: Yes. My so-called son…Luke Skywalker…did you not come to me in the first place, not I to you.
Tim: (LOOKING DEFENSIVE AND A LITTLE TAKEN BACK) Yes I did, but….
Brett: (A LITTLE PROUD OF HIMSELF) Good so you admit to this…did you not also try and do whatever it took to be close to me, even if that meant joining me in my quest to crush the rebellion.
Tim: (GETTING FRUSTRATED AND RISING OUT OF HIS SEAT) Master Yoda he is taking this way out of…
Brett: Master Yoda, don’t you teach your students the way of patience, a main virtue of the Jedi. Why doesn’t young Skywalker exhibit this virtue, is he not “the chosen one”. (SAYING AS IT DAWNS ON HIM) As a matter of fact, didn’t you once call me the “chosen one”. So if we are the same why has he not been tried; why am I the only one up her, shouldn’t it be him as well. Does this not also show that your perfect Jedi system is not also so sure of itself. Where do your true intentions lie?
Tyler: (ANGRILY) Enough this is!!! Shall be called a recess it will, and the fate determined of Lord Vader it will.


ACT 3
Dan: The tide has turned against the court of Jedi, and the important Jedi realize this. Vader is voted guilty by a narrow margin and is told to pick his own punishment and starts off on a joking matter, but this was not intended to be a comedy…
Tyler: What think you of your sentence of punishment Lord Vader.
Brett: Perhaps you should give me back my Death Star for being such an important role in your development…but no I will certainly not go to prison, perhaps exile to Naboo.
Tyler: Leave up to the young one your fate we will.
Tim: (STANDS UP & SAYS RATHER MALICIOUSLY) Well, father, I have given it much thought and consideration, and all in all you have treated me (SARCASTICALLY) very well. And I think you have been given a very good trial. So I think it is only fair to give you what you gave my mother…death.
Brett: (RATHER CALMLY) But I shall not die by your hands. (PICKS UP HIS LIGHTSABER, DRAWS IT OUT AND KILLS HIMSELF)

END

Chapter 30 Vocab Test

1. honor- honor
2. ceteri- the rest
3. quantus- how much
4. ridiculus- ridiculous
5. vivus- living
6. furtim- secretly
7. mox- soon
8. primo- at first
9. bibo- to drink
10. cognosco- to learn
11. comprehendo- to comprehend
12. consumo- to consume

Pliny Writes To His Friends

I am angry; I do not know whether I ought to be, but I am angry. You know how unfair it is at times, how often I am out of control, how rather prone am I to always complain about love. I do not know whether I have the supply to be fair; fear is great, and I am severely angry, so long as no long letter from you. You have won me over at one time or another, if now at least and your letters are far away from me. This indeed is my only excuse, you see only what is remaining. Not to be able to hear you "I was not in the city" or "I was busy"; May they not allow, may they forbid that so you hear "He is weak." Do not think as much you is to have anxiety. To know what I desire to make and to do. Now I am very much away from your letters! Goodbye!