Timur the Lame

Timur meaning "Iron" was born in 1336 in Mongol Barlas Tribe. He sought to restore the Mongol Empire and was a genius at Military Tactics, but his strength lacked in the political realm. Timur and his Muslim soldiers soon regained most of the steppe and soon conquered India in 1399. He then moved onto the Ottoman Empire with his new war elephants and sought to bring the Middle East under his control as well. He sacked Aleppo and took Damascus leaving the Mamulks confused and defenseless. He then captured Baghdad and massacred its citizens including the Muslims. Timur continued to ravage the Anatolian peninsula until the Venetians ferried off the Ottoman's army to safety. Soon after the New Chinese Ming Dynasty had thrown the Mongols out of China, and Timur responded with a winter campaign against them in 1404 where he died.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timur_the_lame

Mottos

Ivy League Schools

1. Brown University-
In Deo Speramus
In God we Hope
2. Columbia University
In lumine Tuo videbimus lumen
In your light we shall see the light
3. Cornell University
I would found an institution where any person can find instruction in any study.
4. Dartmouth College
Vox clamantis in deserto
A voice crying in the desert
5. Harvard University
Veritas
Truth
6. Princeton University
Dei sub numine viget
Under God's power we flourish
7. University of Pennsylvania
Leges sine moribus vanae
Law without morals are useless
8. Yale University
Lux et veritas
Light and truth


Maryland Colleges

1. United States Naval Academy
Ex Scientia Tridens
From knowledge, seapower.
2. Johns Hopkins
Veritas Vos Liberat
The truth will set you free
3. Mount Saint Mary's
Spes Nostra
Our Hope


John Carroll Motto
In Novum
Into the New

University of Texas Austin Classics Department

The University of Texas Austin fields one of the best classics programs of all the colleges in the United States. The faculty includes specialists in ancient architecture, colonization, drama, epigraphy, history, landscape, law, medicine, music, oratory, philosophy, poetry, religion, science, and technology from the prehistoric Aegean to late antiquity. The courses about the Greek and Roman language attracts about a thousand students each year, and requires no knowledge of the Latin or Greek language. Students may also major in Classics, Ancient History and Classic Civilization, Classical Archaeology, Greek, and Latin.

University of Texas Austin Website

As the empire collapsed Latin had already spread into the most extenses of the world. Latin was learned by all as it had to be and was spoken with the same dialect as it was in Rome. It wasn't until the end of the empire when the Germanic invaders came into the empire that the language started changing as the dialects of the invaders soon integrated with the classical language of Latin. The stresses of the words started to change and the syntactical change started to form as well as it started to construct itself off of the original Hebrew it began to change from the what the bible would have originally sounded like. Even the end of the sentence annunciation was no longer there, and this had a drastic affect on how it was written and read. There are many differences in the Vulgate nativity as well, and this is apparent in Matthew and Luke. Matthew does not talk about the angels while Luke talks about it comparing the heavens and earth, while Matthew says nothing.

Exam Part 2

What satisfies far greater than after the rector's golden lesson, not even temptation and shade, That Styga Taenaria is the golden descendants of the doorway and through the levels of the people

Horace
Horace was born on December 8,65 BC. His father was a slave who had been freed just before Horace's birth, and bought a farm. Horace grew up on the farm but his father soon took notice of his genius and sent him to get an education in Rome and Athens. During the Civil War, Horace fought on the side of Brutus and spent most of the time running away in battle. He soon after returned when Augustus promised parson to all those who had fought against him.
After this he met Maecenas who funded Horace's writings and promoted his his Greek lyrical writing with the combination of Roman satires. He made the acquaintance of Virgil and of Varius, as these two men introduced him to Maecenas.He completed such works as Carmina, the Odes, and the Satires. He died at the age of 57.

Quote: carpe diem, quam minimum credula postero.
Translation: Seize the day, and have little trust in tomorrow.
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Ovid
Ovid was born in Italy in 43BC. His father was wealthy and he wanted Ovid to become a lawyer and gave him an excellent education especially in rhetorics. Instead, though, he perferred History or imaginary subjects. He served in minor legal positions until he moved into literary circles.
He first wrote Amores which became a hit in Rome and the wrote Heroides. In 8 BC Ovid was banished by Augustus for his poem called "Love". Here he spent the rest of his life writing poetry on the edge of the Caspain sea.

Audentum Forsque Venusque juvant.
Fortune and Fame favor the brave.
This represents his philosophy because he could have been killed for what he did but instead was just exiled.
Link One
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Catullus
Catullus was born in 84 BC and his father was a friend of Julius Caesar, and he died in Rome in 30 BC He went to Bithya as an aide and the rest is lost.
Only one manuscript has survived of him from the dark ages

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Exam

Part One


Part Two
1.5
What of slender youth brings the smell of liquid roses, Pyhrrus, under grotto's shade? Whose who combs the flowing hair religiously, for the simple pleasure of it?

1.11
you do not need to question (for you do not know) why me, why you say disgraceful things to the gods, Leuconoe, you are not tempted by the Babylonian numbers. For it is far better to go through anything at all! Yours is the greatest thing valued or if it is the greatest sacrifice to Jupiter, which does not, weaken us in the winds of the Tyrrenhum sea, be wise, bring out the drink and briefly walk around as we retreat. Do not talk more than needed, and flee from insults: Seize the day, and have little trust in tomorrow.

1.1
Maecenas who is king and supplies me, o and presides over me, and teaches me, is an Olympian who brings about the joy and ferocity of one who lifts the dust of the track and the people and is as brave and noble as the gods; That, if the winds move Quiritium, were made to give him honor; That, the grain is stored on the ground of Libyia. The fathers of Gaudentem who dug the crops before, so that Attilicus may not move, up to the Cyprus coast and tempted to sail the Myrtoums sea.

Extra Credit

1.1
1. Edite- 2nd person plural present imperative active of "edito" meaning "to eat"
2. Sunt- 3rd person plural present indicative active of "sum" meaning "to be"
3. Metaque- 2nd person singular present imperative active of "meto" meaning "to reap"
4. Evitata- 2nd person perfect participle passive of "evito" meaning "to shun"
5. Evehit- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "eveho" meaning "to carry out"
6. Certat- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "certo" meaning "to match"
7. Condidit- 3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "condido" meaning "to put together"
8. Verritu- 3rd person singular present indicative passive of "verro" meaning "to sweep"
9. Gaudentum- 3rd person singular present participle accusative of "gaudeo" meaning "to rejoice"
10. Demoveas- 2nd person singular present subjunctive active of "demoveo" meaning "to move away"
11. Secet- 3rd person singular present subjunctive active of "seco" meaning "to cut off"
12. Laudat- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "laudo" meaning "to praise"
13. Reficit- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "reficio" meaning "to rebuild"
14. Quassas- 3rd person singular perfect participle passive of "quatio" meaning "to shake"
15. Pati- 2nd person singular present infinitive passive of "patior" meaning "to bear"
16. Spernit- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "sperno" meaning "to separate"
17. Stratus- 3rd person singular perfect participle passive of "sterno" meaning "to spread out"
18. Sonitus- 3rd person singular perfect participle passive of "sono" meaning "to make a noise"
19. Manet- 3rd person singular present subjunctive active of "mano" meaning "to flow"
20. Est- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "sum" meaning "to be"
21. Rupit- 3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "rumpo" meaning "to break"
22. Doctarum- 3rd person singular perfect participle passive of "doceo"meaning "to teach"
23. Miscent- 3rd person plural present indicative active of "misceo" meaning "to mix"
24. Secernunt- 3rd person plural present indicative active of "secerno" meaning "to put apart"
25. Cohibet- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "cohibeo" meaning "to hold together"
26. Refugit- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "refugio" meaning "to flee"
27. Tendere- 2nd person singular future indicative passive of "tendo" meaning "to stretch"
28. Inseres- 2nd person singular future indicative active of "insero" meaning "to implant"
29. Feriam- 1st person singular future indicative active of "ferio" meaning "to strike"

1.5
1. Perfusus- 3rd person singular perfect participle passive of "perfundo" meaning "to pour over"
2. Comam- 1st person singular future indicative active of "como" meaning "to comb"
3. Mutatosque- 3rd person singular perfect participle passive of "muto" meaning "to move"
4. Flebit- 1st person future indicative active of "fleo" meaning "to weep"
5. Ventis 3rd person singular perfect participle passive of "venio" meaning "to come"
6. Emirabitur- 3rd person singular future indicative passive of "emiror" meaning "to gaze at in wonder"
7. Fruitur- 3rd person singular present indicative passive of "fruor" meaning "to derive enjoyment"
8. Sperat- 3rd person singlar present indicative active of "spero" meaning "to hope"
9. Nites- 2nd person singular present indicative active of "niteo" menaing "to shine"
10. Paries- 2nd person singular present subjunctive active of "to bring forth"
11. Indicat- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "indico" meaning "to point out"
12. Suspendisse- 3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "suspendo" meaning "to hang"
13. Potenti- 2nd person singular present participle dative of "possum" menaing "to be able"


1.11
1. Quaesieris- 2nd person singular furute perfect indicative active of "quaro" meaning "to seek"
2. Dederint- 3rd person plural future perfect indicative active of "do" meaning "to hand over"
3. Erit- 2rd person singular present indicative active of "sum" meaning "to be"
4. Pati- 2nd person singular present infinitive passive of "patior" meaning "to bear"
5. Tribuit- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "tribio" meaning "to assign"
6. Oppositis- 2nd person plural perfect participle passive of "oppono" meaning "to set against"
7. Debilitat- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "debilito" meaning "to weaken"
8. Sapias- 2nd person singular present subjunctive active of "sapio" meaning to taste of"
9. Liques- 2nd person singular present indicative active of "liqueo" meaning "to be fluid"
10. Spatio- 1st person singular present indicative active of "spatior" meaning "to spread abroad"
11. Reseces- 2nd person singular present subjunctive active of "reseco" meaning "to cut loose"
12. Fugerit- 3rd person singular future perfect indicative active of "fugio" meaning "to flee"
13. Carpe- 2nd person singular present indicative active of "carpo" meaning "to pick"


1.37
1. Est- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "sum" meaning "to be"
2. Pulsanda- 3rd person plural gerundive of "pulso" meaning "to push against"
3. Erat- 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active "sum" meaning "to be"
4. Depromere- 2nd person singular future indicative passive of "depromo" meaning "to draw out"
5. Dementis- 2nd person singular present participle of "demo" meaning "to take away"
6. Parabat- 3rd person singular imperfect indicative active of "paro" meaning "to make ready"
7. Sperare- 2nd person singular present imperative passive of "spero" meaning "to hope"
8. Minuit- 3rd person singular present indicative active of "minuo" meaning "to make small"
9. Redegit- 3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "redigo" meaning "to drive back"
10. Adurgens- 3rd person plural present participle nominative of "adurgeo" meaning "to pursue closely"
11. Citus- 3rd person singular perfect participle passive of "cieo" meaning "to cause to go"
12. Daret- 3rd person singular imperfect subjunctive active of "do" meaning "to deliver"
13. Perire- 3rd person singular present infinitive active of "pereo" meaning "to pass away"
14. Expavit- 3rd person singular perfect indicative active of "expavesco" meaning "to be terrified"
15. Latentis- 2nd person singular present participle accusative of "lateo" meaning "to lurk"
16. Reparavit- 3rd person singular perfect indicative active of reparo" meaning "to get in"
17. Visere- 2nd person singular future indicative active passive of "viso" meaning "to look at"
18. Sereno- 1st person singular present indicative active of "sereno" meaning "to make clear"
19. Tractare- 2nd person singular present imperative passive of "tracto" meaning "to draw violently"
20. Serpentes- 2nd person singular present participle passive of "serpo" meaning "to creep"
21. Deliberata- 2nd person singular perfect participle passive of "delibero" meaning "to weigh well"
22. Invidens- 3rd person plural present participle accusative of "invedeo" meaning "to look askance at"
23. Privata- 2nd person singular perfect participle passive of "privo" meaning "to bereave"
24. Deduci- 3rd person singular present infinitive passive of "deduco" meaning "to lead away"


1.1
Horace is dedicating his book to Maecenas, the person who funds his writings. Horace writes odes to him saying that he is like an Olympian champion and says that he would nothing without Maecena's support.

1.5
Horace is talking about a beautiful woman named Pyrrah who tends to seduce men into falling in love with her and then she breaks their heart. Horace sees this though, whether it be by his own experience with her or from hearing from other men, and he says that he stands clear of her because of it.

1.11
Horace is telling his lover Leucone that although their love is contested by many, that their love for each other is too numerous to count. He says at the end to not think about tomorrow but to live in the moment.

1.37
Horace completely trashes Cleopatra as he calls her the tyrant queen who prostitutes herself. He then goes on to say she sacrificed herself for her kingdom unlike any ruler would do for their country.

The most successful one is 1.11, as it has the best message and perhaps is the most famous of all the poems in Carmina. Horace tells his lover Leucone that although their love is contested by many, that their love for each other is too numerous to count. He says at the end to not think about tomorrow but to live in the moment. He compares there love to the Babylonian numbers, and he also says that their love has the same strength as the winds over the Tyrrehne sea. His last part about seizing today and letting tomorrow be is very much a suspenseful part of the poem as he finally answers the question as to handle the people's reaction to their love. Symbols used in this were the wind to represent the strength of their love, the Babylonian which represents the unending of their love, and the wine to show a celebration of their love. He refers to the Tyrrehne sea which has proved to be a very rough sea through the losses of the Roman navy and he also refers to Jove the goddess of love. Horace writes this in the view of how the people view him and how he wishes to live free from criticism and just live in the moment as he says in the last line of the poem.

The one that I don't really think was the best was 1.5 because it was hard to tell what Horace was writing about as he was not to specific enough to tell what was really going on. From what I can tell Horace is talking about a beautiful woman named Pyrrah who tends to seduce men into falling in love with her and then she breaks their heart. Horace sees this though, whether it be by his own experience with her or from hearing from other men, and he says that he stands clear of her because of it. He uses the roses in the shade to show how she is a dark temptress, and also the golden smile to draw in the unsuspecting men. The parallels in the poem are grottos shade and the black sea, and the deceitful smile with the deceitful wind and the the eyes that dazzle like a cloud. the symbols in it are the black sea and the shade which show that she is dark and the bright smile to show that she is pretty. The Black Sea is very rough as Horace mentions that the girl is and many people have lost their lives on it just as many men have lost their love in the girl. Horace does not like the girl because one might suspect she used him.

Ancient Rome & America - Upcoming Exhibition

A new exhibit is coming to the National Constitutional Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and will contain ancient Roman artifacts to help compare the Roman Ancient world to that of the modern American one. Some of the following points will be in focus to compare the two worlds:
* "Two eagles depicting this classic symbol shared by ancient Rome and America. The American eagle is carved from gilt wood. It was made in 1804 by Samuel McIntire, an important early American architect. Of the Roman eagle, only the bronze head remains. It likely originated from the top of a Roman army military standard."
* "Roman busts of Scipio Africanus, Julius Caesar, and Cicero. American busts of George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson, each portrayed in togas."
* "Gladiator/Football helmets. Philadelphia Eagles wide receiver Harold Carmichael's helmet will be on display with a gladiator helmet and four original pieces from the gladiator barracks of an amphitheater in Pompeii – a 'greave' (shin guard), two spearheads, and a dagger."
* "Excavated remnants from Pompeii, including silverware, a preserved piece of a wall fresco, and the cast of a man who did not escape the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius."
* "Slave collars from ancient Rome and the United States. Both ancient Rome and America prior to 1865 were slave societies. Made in the early 1800s, the slave collar from the US is a rare artifact that can be tied to one man's quest for freedom. Ben, a slave who worked on a farm in Pennsylvania, tried to escape three times, and after the third time, his owner had an iron collar made for him."
* "A selection of classical works belonging to the Founding Fathers that helped shape their political thought during the early years of the American republic. John Adams' personal copy of Plutarch's Lives, John Dickenson's personal copy of the works of Roman historian Tacitus, and John Quincy Adams' personal copy of Cicero's De Oratore."
* "Two letters from August 1776 exchanged between John and Abigail Adams. In them, Abigail signs her name 'Portia' after the wife of the Roman Senator Brutus. The letters are filled with classical references and ideas of republican virtue."

http://www.luxist.com/2010/01/06/ancient-rome-and-america-upcoming-exhibition/

Walter's Art Museum Heroes' Exhibit

The Walter's Art Exhibit Heroes: Mortals and Myths in Ancient Greece will focus on the maint character of many Greek stories and Epics; the Hero. While the Heroes depicted in Greek epics were models to the Greeks of the day, the legacy lives on today in our own lives as we make the Greek heroes of the past an craft them into more modern versions of heroes to model ourselves after. The exhibit will help the visitor to identify the Heroes by their special iconography, by content, or inscription. It also offers a complex family-tree, which demonstrates the relationship of gods, heroes, and mortals.

http://thewalters.org/exhibitions/heroes/about.html

Konica Minolta Recreates the Arms on the Venus de Milo

Konica Minolta recently took years of research in the history of the statue of Venus de Milo and in 3-D imaging to recreate what the statue of Venus de Milo. They used a digitizer equipped with a laser and figured out that the right arm of the goddess was lowered across the torso with the right hand resting on the raised left knee so the sliding drapery wrapped around the hips and legs could be held in place. The steps of the recreation can be found in the following link.

http://www.futureishere.biz/museumofbeauty/

Venus de Milo

The Venus de Milo was originally found by a poor peasant named Yorgos Kantratas in the ruins of Milo. It was found in two main pieces along with the hands, including one holding an apple, somewhere near the ruins of the statue. Yorgos then tried to sell it to French ambassador Olivier Voutier who, when he got back to the embassy in Constantinople, got the statue from the peasant and said that they came under fire and the sailors who were dragging the statue to the boat the arms fell off. This is believed to be untrue though because his sketches before the supposed accident showed the statue without the arms.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_de_Milo

The Roman Empire (Delicious Activity)

http://www.roman-empire.net/

This website has all the information needed to understand the Roman empire. This site includes information about the founding of Rome, the early kings of Rome, the Early Republic, the Later Republic, The Early Emperors, The High points of the empire, The Decline of the empire, the collapse of the empire, the move of the capital to Constantinople, and the Religions of the empire. It also includes pictures of reenactors and cutout helmets as well.

Palace of Wonders: Renaissance & Baroque Galleries

The Walter's Art Museum celebrated the 100th anniversary of its original Pallazo building by the re-instillation of a new permanent exhibit for the museum's over 1500 items and antiques from the Renaissance and Baroque collection. The collection contains one of the largest Italian painting collections in North America, all of which were painted between the 14th and 18th century and most of which have never been on display before. The highlight of the exhibit are a 17th century nobleman's entry hall of arms and his armor.

http://thewalters.org/eventscalendar/eventdetails.aspx?e=1412