Battle of Alesia Part III

The Gauls attacked today from both sides and were successful on one part where the wall could not be completely built. The Gauls were about to break through but Caesar's cavalry of about 6,000 broke through and attacked from the flank. The Gauls fled and Caesar won. Vercingetorix surrendered, and the Romans had complete control of Gaul.

Battle of Alesia Part II

Today The second force of about 250,000 Gauls surrounded Caesar from behind. Caesar quickly built another wall from behind him to keep the attackers from attacking his rear. What did not realize though is that he has barricaded himself within his own walls, making it impossible for him to get out. He himself is now the one who is besieged.
The Gauls have continuously pounded the Romans but have been unsuccessful in breaking through. They have though significantly weakened the Roman troops inside.

Battle of Alesia Day I

Today Caesar and his army of 60,000 Roman Legionaries arrived at the city of Alesia, where the Gallic general Vercingetorix is staying with his armed force of 80,000. Caesar and his men quickly took the initiative and surrounded the large Gallic force. Caesar, not wanting to commit his troops to an all out suicidal attack on the force, besieged the Gails and built an 18 kilometer long wall 4 meters high.

The Gauls continuously raided the soldiers as they worked on the wall, but were unsuccessful as the Gallic auxiliary cavalry proved successful in defense.

Final Exam Part II

I. Gaul is divided into three parts, one of which we know include the Belgae, along with the Aquitani, 30 languages who call themselves the Celts, and our Gauls. All of the languages, institutions, and laws are different. The Garmun separates the Galls from the Aquatani, and the Matrona and Sequanis separate them from the Belgians. The strongest out of all of these the Belgians are the strongest, but their province is cut off from the ours, and merchants often do not go to them and carry things which would effeminate the spirit, and they are the closest to the Germani, who live across the Rhine river, with whom they perpetually wage war, for what reason the Helvetii also surpass the rest of the Gauls in valor, as they contend with the Germani are in war daily , whether they repel them from their territories, or wage war themselves on own land. The one part of all this, which the Gauls occupy, the start of the Rhone begins; This is surroundedby the Garonn river, the ocean, and the territories of the Belgae; it b, toooudaries, on the side of the Sequani and the Helvetii tribes, and on the river Rhine, it stretches to the north. The Belgae are raised from the territory of the Gauls, and extend in the lower part of the Rhine river, and look to the north and sun which is rising. The Aquitania tribe goes from the Garonne river up to the Pyrenaean mountains and the ocean part of which Hipania is near. This looks at the north star and the setting sun.

X. Caesar then says again that the Helvetii had the good spirit to march through the land of the Sequanorum and Haeduorum tribes and into the borders of the Santonum tribe, which is not far away from the boundary of the Tolosatium province, which is a civilization in the Roman Province. If it was done, he would see a huge perilous future for Province by the hostile men, who were unfriendly to the people of Rome, having been bordering a place that lay in a region so full of grain.In that place the Ceutrones and Graeocili and Caturigus occupied the higher ground and held back and endeavor that was to be undertaken by the army. Many of his men were beaten in the battle by the Ocelo, who were moved from the outermost of the province, were moved to the border of the Province on the seventh day on which they did arrive; From that place in border Allobrogum, from Allobrogum the army was led into the Segusiavos. They lived on the border of the first crossing of the Rodanum river.

XI. The Helvetii were now through the straight and border of the Sequanis and arrived out the border of the Haedorum and ravaged the land. The Haeduorum, with not being able to defend themselves, they sent a dispatch to request aide from Caesar: And so they said that they were deserving of the Romans and should see an army sent to our land to be deprived of the people, freeing [them] in them removing slavery, purging them and not holding back. At the same time the Haeduorum Ambarii,

Final Exam Part I

Part One Parsing Book I.I-XIV

1. est- 3rd person singular indicative present of "sum" meaning "to be"
2. dividit- 3rd person plural indicative active of "divia" meaning "to divide"
3. sunt- 3rd person plural indicative present of "sum" meaning "to be"
4. gerunt- 3rd person plural indicative active perfect of "gero" meaning "to carry"
5. capit- 3rd person plural indicative active present of "capeo" meaning "to capture"
6. pertinet- 3rd person singular indicative active future of "pertineo" meaning "
7. esse- 3rd person singular indicative perfect of "sum" meaning "to be"
8. constituterunt- 3rd person plural indicative active perfect of "constituo" meaning "to constitute"
9. pursuadet- 3rd person singular indicative active future of "pursua" meaning "to persuade"
10. occuparet- 3rd person plural indicative active future of "occupare" meaning "to occupate"
11. esset- 3rd person indicative singular active future of "esse" meaning "to be"
12. possent- 3rd person indicative future of "posse" meaning "to be"
13. facio- 2nd person singular present indicative active of "facere" meaning "to make"
14. confirmat- 3rd person plural indicative active of "confirma" meaning "to confirm"
15.occupato- 2nd person plural indicative active present of "occupo" meaning "to occupy"
16. posse- 3rd person singular present active of "possum" meaning "to be"
17. erant- 3rd person plural indicative perfect of of "sum" meaning "to be"
18. essent- 3rd person singular indicative pluperfect of "esse" meaning "to be"
19.exeant- 3rd person plural indicative active perfect of "exeo" meaning "to destroy"
20. impendebat- 3rd person plural indicative active imperfect of "impendeo" meaning "to impend"
21. exeant: 3rd person plural present subjunctive active of "exio" meaning "to go out"
22. Persuadent- 3rd person plural indicative pluperfect of "pursua" meaning "to persuade"
23. Fuisset- 3rd person pluperfect subjunctive active singular of sum" meaning "to be"
24. pervenit- 3rd person indicative active perfect singular of "perveneo" meaning "to prevent"
25. fluit- 3rd person indicative active perfect singular of "fluo" meaning "to flow"
26. conveniant- 3rd person singular indicative active pluperfect of "convenio" meaning "to convene"
27. existimabant- 3rd person indicative passive imperfect
28. comparatis- 3rd person singular subjunctive active imperfect of "caomparare" meaning "to compare"
29. facere- 3rd person subjunctive active imperfect of "facio" meaning "to make"
30. Timeret- 3rd person plural imperfect subjunctive active singular of "timeo" meaning "to be afraid"
31. convenirent- 3rd person singular plural indicative pluperfect of "convenere" meaning "to convene"
32. Vellet- 3rd person singular imperfect subjunctive active singular of "volo"meaning "to wish"
33.Sint- 3rd person singular present subjunctive active of "sum" meaning "to be"
34. habebat- 3rd person singular indicative active imperfect of "habeo" meaning "to have"
35.Pertinere- 2nd person singular present imperfect active of "pertineo" meaning "to reach"
36. duxerat- 3rd person singular indicative active present of "duxo" meaning "to lead"
37. respondit- 3rd person indicative active of "respondo" meaning "to respond"
38. demonstrant- 3rd person singular indicative active pluperfect of "demonstro" meaning "to demonstrate"
39.discesit- 3rd person singular perfect indicative active singular of "discedo" meaning "to go apart"
40. consumptis- 2nd person singular indicative active present of "consumptuo" meaning "to consume"
41.Obsido- 2nd person singular future indicative active of "obsido" meaning "to invest"
42. transierat- 3rd person singular indicative active present of " transiero" meaning "to transport"
43. Vexassent- 3rd person singular pluperfect subjunctive active of "vexo" meaning "to shake"
44. contenderent- 3rd person singular indicative active present of "contendo" meaning "to contend"
45. Accipere- 2nd person singular present imperative passive singular of "accipio" meaning "to take"
46. Putaret- 3rd person imperfect active singular of "puto" meaning "to think"
47. facto- 2nd person singular indicative active present of "facere" meaning "to make"
48.gloriarentur- 3rd person singular imperfect subjunctive active of "glorior" meaning "to boast"
49. policeantur- 3rd person present subjunctive passive of "polliceor" meaning "to offer"
50. accidesent- 3rd person singular pluperfect active subjunctive of "accido" meaning "to fall upon"


Nouns
1. Gallia- masculine nominative singular
2. partes- accusative plural
3. Aquitani- masculine nominative plural
4. Germanis- masculine nominative plural
5. Belgis- masculine nominative plural
6. Sequansa- neutered nominative singular
7. Matrona- neutered nominative singular
8. Helvetii- masculine nominative plural
9. Garumna- neutered nominative singular
10. Rhodano- neutered nominative singular

Ancient Creatures Survived Arctic Winters

Flowering plants and hippo-like creatures once roamed the arctic tundra where polar bears now prevail. Archeological work is now being done to uncover the mystery that once shrouded the creatures from over 53 million years ago on Canada's Ellesmere Island. Fossils of aquatic turtles, giant tortoises, snakes and even flying lemurs have been discovered. The dig is still underway.
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/31128198/

Italian Archeologists Find Commoner’s Neighborhoods In Persepolis

An Iranian-Italian archaeological team has discovered the first traces of urban settlement in Persepolis. Construction of the city began in 520 B.C. under Darius the Great, and lasted almost 70 years. The team found evidence that common people lived in the beginning construction of the city, and this is a huge find. these people probably worked for the emperor during construction and when the emperor actually settled into the city itself.
http://www.adnkronos.com/IGN/Altro/?id=3.0.3397053272

Gladiator Helmet On Show In Melbourne

A 2,000 year old gladiator helmet will be the center piece of a Pompeii exhibit in Melbourne, Australia. The exhibition, which is called 'A Day In Pompeii', will start on June 26. The helmet, made of bronze, belonged to a Murmillo gladiator, which was also the most heavily armed of gladiators. The show also includes 250 other pieces from Pompeii.

Sarcophagus On View At Toledo Museum of Art

A Roman sarcophagus that was built about 2,000 years ago is on display at the Toledo Museum of Art. The 53 inch long marble coffin weighs more than 400 pounds and was purchased from a Cleveland family last year, who had it in their family for generations. The show continues through June 13.
http://toledoblade.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20090604/ART01/906040304/-1/ART03

Nostradamus 2012

According to Nostradamus, the world will end on December 21, 2012. Not only has Nostradamus predicted it, but the Mayans, Chinese, and Christian's have as well. According to the Mayan calendar the alignment of the planets, which happens every 640,000 years, will bring the world to an end on the winter solstice. The website for Human Continuation predicts human destruction at 94%. According to scientists across the globe though, the only thing that will be ending is autum.
http://www.freep.com/article/20090604/FEATURES01/906040371/1025/FEATURES/According+to+the+Mayans++the+world+will+end+in+2012

Roman Reeinactments In Italy

Commemorazione della fondazione di Roma con legionari, vestali, gladiatori senatori e altro.
Translates To:
Commemoration of the founding of Rome by legionaries, Vestal Virgins, senators and other gladiators.

Constantine's Battle at Milvian Bridge

Rome Opens Up Underground Wonders of the Ancient World to Tourists

The city of Rome has recently just opened dozens of previously unseen underground sites. These sites include the Ludus Magnus, the Santa Rosa at the Vatican, and other important history sites. Tours begin on Monday, June 8.
http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/europe/article6345753.ece

Where Pizza Got Its Start

Pizza has long been the most successful food export in Italy, and has even gained popularity and its own different styles in the United States. The word pizza first appeared in 997 B.C. in Medieval Latin text. There was such a flat bread, which is the foundation of the pizza, that is mentioned in Ancient Greek texts called plakous, that was covered in herbs, garlic and other toppings such as these. The Persians under Darious also had a kind of bread like this that they would cook on their shields. Perhaps pizza didn't originate in Italy after all, but was perfected as it was handed down from nationto conquering nation over the ages.

Wedding Traditions Much Like Today

We have retained many of the same wedding customs as the Romans did all the way back over 2,000 yeas ago.Instead of the bride and groom doll figures you would have figures of Venus and Minerva, you would also have a small no yeast bread type of thing or honey instead of a cake, and instead of throwing rice at the bride and groom as they exited the ceremony you would throw nuts at them like elephants at the zoo.
http://www.examiner.com/x-7160-Sacramento-Nutrition-Examiner~y2009m6d2-What-healthy-lowcost-food-to-serve-at-an-ancient-Roman-toga-party-or-wedding

What I'd be Playing if I Was A Roman Kid

If I was a kid in Rome right now, I probably would not be gaming with my friends on xbox live. Instead I would probably be gambling with dice or playing marbles and knuckles with sheep vertebrate. I could even play checkers, play a ball game, or even go to the local amphitheater to see a show. Yep, it would definitely different than it is today.

Battle of Alesia

Ancient Steroids

Think steroid use has only happened lately in the pas couple of year? Well think again, because Ancient Greeks used goat testicles as a boost of testosterone before games. Galen, a Greek physician of the era, advised athletes to eat "the rear hooves of an Abyssinian ass, ground up, boiled in oil, and flavored with rose hips and rose petals."
http://www.mlive.com/sportsflash/index.ssf?/base/sports-30/1243364483305550.xml&storylist=sports

StolenRroman Artifact Found In Christies' Auction House

A Corinthian Column Krater was found at Christies' Auction House today on June Second. The pottery dates back to 570 B.C., and its name is derived from its small handles which look like Corinthian columns. The person believed to have introduced the piece is Ciacomo Medici in 1985. In vestigation is under way.
http://www.imperialvalleynews.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=5765&Itemid=2

Paint Attack On Ara Pacis Meuseum

The building, the Ara Pacis which is made of stone glass, came under paint attack on June First by vandals. The building which houses Augustas' altar of peace, which is considered to be the first piece of modern architecture, has been under heavy fire to be torn down. Talks with the mayor have begun to see if a renovation or reconstruction can occur. The vandals have yet to be caught as the case is still under investigation by the Italian Police.

http://www.ansa.it/site/notizie/awnplus/english/news/2009-06-01_101300044.html

Did You Know...China Destroyed All Marine Life????

A huge volcano in China named Tungurahua erupted some 260 millions years ago and destroyed all marine life of many species in the area. The huge layer of fossil recently discovered contains many different fossilized and extinct species. Half a kilometers of lava. The report is to be finished soon.

Caesar Coins

This coin says the Ides of March, which is when Caesar was assassinated.



This coin translates to Caesar, and it commemorates his many victories against Gaul.



This coin says Caesar ad commemorates his victory over Pompey at the battle of Pharsalus.